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In Translation: Three poems by Florentino Solano, trans. Arthur Malcolm Dixon

Florentino Solano, a leading writer in Tu’un Savi, was born in a town called Metlatónoc in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, in 1982. Metlatónoc is a community of the Ñuu Savi people, often called “Mixtec” in English. Their demonym, Ñuu Savi, could be translated as something like “rain people.” The common name for their language, Tu’un Savi, could be translated as something like “rain word.”

Solano wrote the following poems in Tu’un Savi. He then translated them himself from Tu’un Savi into Spanish. The Tu’un Savi and Spanish texts appeared in Florentino’s bilingual poetry collection Tákúu ndi’i tachi si’í yu / Todas las voces de mi madre, which received the Nezahualcóyotl Prize for Literature in Mexican Languages in 2021 and was published by Mexico’s Secretary of Culture and General Directorate of Popular, Indigenous, and Urban Cultures in 2022.

The poems, translated from the Spanish by Arthur Malcolm Dixon, are included here in all three languages: English, Spanish, then the original Tu’un Savi.

The World Is a Huipil

In the beginning there was nothing
and my infinite grandmother took a thread of her hair
and began to weave a great black huipil:
the world was made.

She tied her infinite loom to the ahuehuete
that it might withstand time
and the tempests of solitude
and she stitched and stitched.

With chain stitches and fretwork
she went about weaving her memory,
her hopes,
her seeds:
and from the black cloth
came tiny men and women made of threads,
bearing our soul on our shoulder like fireflies,
we began to walk.

Time passed,
the ahuehuete grew
and my infinite grandmother unraveled bit by bit
or strayed off to some distant end of the world loom.

But each time I see shooting stars cleave the night sky
I know they are my grandmother’s gray hairs that fall
that I might pick them up
and stitch, with them, my own hope.

El mundo es un huipil

En el principio no había nada
y mi abuela infinita tomó un hilo de su cabello
y comenzó a tejer un enorme huipil negro:
se hizo el mundo.

Ató su telar infinito al sabino
para que pudiera resistir al tiempo
y a las tempestades de la soledad
y bordó y bordó.

En cadenetas y grecas
fue tejiendo su memoria,
sus deseos,
sus semillas:
y de la manta negra,
diminutos hombres y mujeres hechos de hilos,
cargando nuestra alma en el hombro como luciérnagas,
comenzamos a caminar.

El tiempo pasó,
el sabino creció
y mi abuela infinita se fue deshilando poco a poco
o fue alejándose en algún extremo del telar del mundo.

Pero cada vez que veo estrellas fugaces surcar el cielo nocturno
sé que son canas de mi abuela que caen
para que yo las recoja
y borde con ellas mi propio deseo.

Xìkùn va kú yùvi

Té xà’à ra nîxíyo và’à vi ñâ’â
ra saá kì’ìn ìxtàn ká’nu yu iin ixí xìnì ñá
ra xà’à ñá kùnu ñá iin xìkùn ká’nu ndiáá:
nîxîkòò ñà yùvi.

Ndîkâ tùñú’u kû’ni ña isa ñá
ñà vâ’â ná ndì’í xà’à ñá ndìà nìxàà
saá tu ñá taávì ña dú’ú mitú’ún ñá
ra nîkîku nîkîku ñá.

Xí’ín ita ndiakua chin ita vìtù
xà’à nîkìkù ñá ña ndú’ú xînî ñá,
ña kúú ini ñá,
sì’và nùù ini ñá:
ra nùù xìkùn ndiáá
ndûkûîtà na tîââ chin nà sì’i ì’và,
kásokó nà níma nà tá xá tîvîñu’u,
xà’à ná xíka na.

Nîyà’à kùìyà,
xà’nu tùñú’u
ra saá nîndòñù’ù va ìxtàn yú
a saá tu kûxìká kîndòò isa va ñá nùú yùví.

Ndí té xíní yù tìùn kóyô rí ndiví ñùu
ra kúndá ini yù chi vixi xìnì va ñá ìxtàn yu kú ña kóyô
xíniñú’ú ndaki’in yu ñà
ra kunu yu ndiá ñà kunì yù xí’ín ña.


God Is a Woman

People come into my town who talk of god.
They tell us stories.
They speak of far-off places,
they spin unbelievable tales,
they describe strange characters
and they tell us of god,
a wrathful, extortionist, omnipotent god.
They tell us of heaven,
they tell us of hell,
they tell us of forgiveness,
they tell us of love.
Their words flood over us:
we were all made by the hands of god,
we were all born sinners,
it is all woman’s fault.
God is a being merciful and male.
I do not believe them.
God is a woman:
I have seen my mother give birth.
Woman seeds us down inside herself,
she makes us of her body,
she feeds us on herself
and shares her soul with every child she has.
With every birth she sows light
and hope for the world.

God is a woman
because from her buds life.

Dios es mujer

A mi pueblo llegan personas hablando de dios.
Nos cuentan historias.
Hablan de lugares lejanos,
relatan historias increíbles,
describen personajes extraños
y nos hablan de dios,
un dios iracundo, chantajista y omnipotente.
Nos hablan del cielo,
nos hablan del infierno,
nos hablan del perdón,
nos hablan de amor.
Sus palabras nos inundan:
que todos fuimos hechos por manos de dios,
que nacimos pecadores,
que todo es culpa de la mujer.
Que dios es un ser (hombre) misericordioso.
No les creo.
Dios es mujer:
he visto a mi madre dar a luz.
La mujer nos germina dentro de sí,
nos hace de su cuerpo,
nos alimenta de sí misma
y en cada hijo reparte su alma.
En cada parto siembra luz
y esperanza para el mundo.

Dios es mujer
porque de ella brota la vida.

Nàsì’i va kú ndióxì

Xáa ní nà yûvî ñuu yù ndátú’ún na xà’à ndióxì.
Ndátú’ún na kùà’à tû’ûn.
Ndátú’ún na xà’à inka yùvi xíka,
tû’ûn xîñóo tú ndixa,
ndátú’ún na xà’à yûvî xìínì yo,
ra kána xà’à ndióxì nà,
in ndióxì kùè’è, sándá’ví chin ndaku sána.
Ndátú’ún na xà’à ndiví,
xà’à ndiayá,
xà’à ña ká’nu ini,
xà’à ña kí’ín ini yo.
Ndîâkua xínù tû’ûn na ini yo:
xí’ín nda’á ndióxì sâva’a ra yo chi,
xà kàku vi yó íyo kûâchî yó chi,
tákú ndi’i ña kúú ra kûâchî ña’á kú ndi’i ña chì.
Ndióxì ra (tîâa kúra) ndieé ní ká’nu ini ra chi.
Kândìxá yu nà.
Ña’á va kú ndióxì:
xíni tié’é va yu si’í yu sákaku ñá yûvî.
Ña’á kú ñá sákuá’un yó ini ña,
sáva’a ñá yó xí’ín kûñû ña,
sákuxi ñá yó ini ña
ra ndáta’ví ña nímà ña nda’á in ndá’á in sè’è ña.
Tá káku sè’è ña saá chí’í ñá ñu’u
Chin ña và’à nùú yùvi.

Ña’á va kú ndióxì
chi ini ña kán ké ndúvà ñà yùvi.


Where Everything Is Born

Woman was the start.
She gave birth to time,
darkness,
what came before before.
Back when stones were soft,
when trees walked,
when we were wandering, fearful shadows
trudging through the mountains,
she gave birth to light.

Her belly contracted again
and she gave birth to time.
Then she molded the future and saw that it was good,
she wrote our memory and saw that it was good.

But nothing was enough for us:
not the world, not light, not life.
That’s why we find ourselves here,
walking along the banks of fire,
burning our rib cages,
chasing after dreams that go out in the smoke
as the fire pierces our hearts.

Donde todo nace

La mujer fue el principio.
Ella parió el tiempo,
la oscuridad,
el antes del antes.
Cuando las piedras eran blandas,
cuando los árboles caminaban,
cuando éramos sombras vagas y temerosas
que deambulaban en las montañas,
ella parió la luz.

Contrajo de nuevo su vientre
y parió el tiempo.
Luego moldeó el futuro y vio que era bueno,
escribió nuestra memoria y vio que era bueno.

Pero nada nos bastó:
ni el mundo, ni la luz, ni la vida.
Por eso, henos aquí,
caminando a orillas del fuego
quemándonos las costillas,
persiguiendo sueños que se extinguen con el humo
mientras el fuego atraviesa nuestros corazones.

Nùù káku ndi’i ña

Ña’á sí’í kú ñá nìxìkùù xà’à yùvi.
ñákán sâkáku yòò kuíyà,
ñà ñaa;
té kúmánì ká koo ña kúmánì ká.
Té nîxìyò víta yùù,
té nîxìkà itúun,
té nîxìkùù yó xìkòndàtì xíka sè’é
xîñu’ni iní ikú,
ña’á ké sâkáku ñu’u.

Ndâtiin tuku ñá tìxì ñá
Ra sâkáku ñá kìì.
Té ndî’î sâva’a ñá kùìyà ra xîni ña và’à ní va,
tîââ ñá xínìtúnì yo ra xìnì ña chi và’à ní va.

Ndísu nii ña nîkíndoò ini yo:
ni yùvi ni ñu’u ni ñà tiákú yo.
Ñàkàn, to’ni yó yó’o,
yú’ú yu’ú ñu’u xíka yó
xíxi kíndíka yó,
ndíkùn yo sàtà xànì ndóñú’ú tá ndoñú’ú ì’mà
nani saá tá’vì sava ñu’u nímà yo.

About the Author

Florentino Solano is a writer, translator, musician, and farm worker from Metlatónoc, Guerrero, Mexico. He writes in his native language, Tu’un Savi, and translates his own writing into Spanish. In 2021, he received both the Premio de Literaturas Indígenas de América for his chronicle Yaa táxá’á kàà tùxìi (La danza de las balas) and the Premio Nezahualcóyotl de Literatura en Lenguas Mexicanas for his verse collection Tákúu ndi’i tachi si’í yu (Todas las voces de mi madre).

About the Translator

Arthur Malcolm Dixon is lead translator and managing editor of the multilingual literary journal Latin American Literature Today. His translations have appeared in Asymptote, International Poetry Review, The Kenyon Review, Literary Hub, Poesía, Words Without Borders, and World Literature Today, among other publications. He works as a community interpreter in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Appears In

Issue 22

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